Anxiety and Language Learning - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 903 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Psychology Essay Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? Assessment is a process that gives information about the students progress, thinking, and learning (Crooks, 2001). According to Erwin (1991), it is defined as a constant process of learning and improvement. Assessment is an approach which helps teachers to gather information and then conclude about the learners inner power and make inferences about the quality or success of teaching based on learners performance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anxiety and Language Learning" essay for you Create order It is an inseparable part of educational systems based on achievements of the learners. Assessment has the most important influence on students learning (George Cowan, 1999, P .8). So, teachers should evaluate their students frequently. They should spend some of their class time for some type of assessment (Stiggins, 2001). Many researchers have found that alternative assessment techniques are an effective and dynamic process in evaluating learners educational progress. Alternative assessment consists of procedures that facilitate the teaching process and can associate easily into daily programs of the class ( Hamayan, 1995). It is even more efficient in EFL contexts in which students can reveal what they can produce instead of memorizing and remembering (Huerta-Macias, 1995). Alternative assessment can collect data about how students can process and accomplish real-life tasks 2 One method whose use in teaching and learning has remained rare, is self-assessment. Self-assessment, as an alternative has attracted much attention in recent years with the increased attention to learner-centred curricula, needs analysis, and learner autonomy. Its potential value as an instructional tool facilitates learning and it has been a topic of many surveys. Self-assessment does not mean that students assess themselves in the form of grades. In a learner-centred pedagogy which considers learners as active participants in education and learning, the task of evaluation or assessment is given to the students. It is a process in which learners judge their abilities, performances, and qualities of learning. Self-assessment process includes all activities undertaken in the class by the students to evaluate the process of their own learning and their strengths and weaknesses to adjust the teaching-learning strategies (Black William, 1998). The interest in nontraditional forms of assessment has caused many European countries to use self-assessment widely because it is considered as a logical element of learner-centred education which emphasises learner independence and autonomy. The students engage in their own learning and assess their progress and then take full responsibility for it. What is obvious in using self-assessment techniques is the active participation of the learners in the learning and evaluation process. This participation brings more motivation to the learners as they see themselves to be responsible for their own learning. Self-assessment is one of the most important tools that teachers use to motivate students in learning. Teachers help them to use their own inner power which causes them to think, to engage and to achieve meaningful learning. Research has shown that using self-assessment can positively influence intrinsic motivation levels in students (Rolheiser Ross, 1998). 3 Self-assessment results in learning improvements if teachers implement the procedure properly. Researchers will get the maximum benefit from it so that credible data about students learning will be provided which are mostly not available to teachers. Hence, successful formative assessment depends on active students involvement which enhances student motivation by providing a sense of ownership and responsibility. Engagement also increases intrinsic motivation to value performance more on competence, not on grades and rewards. Students should know about their abilities and progress, they need to know what they can do or cannot with the skills they have acquired. Without such knowledge, it would not be easy for them to learn efficiently. In an educational system, knowing about the extent to which students can improve their own performance is also important. If they can do it, they do not depend on the opinions of teachers, and they can also make teachers aware of their individual needs. John Upshur (1975) is a scholar who used self-assessment as a factor in the improvement of second language abilities. He believed that traditional assessment shows only a small proportion of students ability. Thenceforth, self-evaluation can be used as a measure of the assessment of language proficiency. Other researchers have also found that it is an effective method of teaching. (Brantmeir, 2006; Little,2005; Revers,2001). Self-assessment is a reliable method for improving students skills and abilities (Ekbatani,2000; Nunan,1988). On the other hand, we know that anxiety plays an important role in language learning. Anxiety can interfere in all language acquisition stages: input, process, and output. Different studies that examine an xiety and language learning can provide insights into how teachers can use appropriate strategies to decrease anxiety among EFL learners. If we know about the causes and effects of language anxiety and different suitable strategies to 4 increase the students self-confidence, then we can lower their language anxiety that can affect their language learning. MC Donald and Boud (2003) found that when learners assess their own learning, their learning will be promoted to a high extent; so, it enhances their self-confidence. Nowadays, learning English is a very important need. It is spoken and used in a great number of different countries all around the world. So, the increasing use of communication in English for many reasons (trade, tourism, politics, culture, sports, high tech, etc.) has led to conducting investigations on factors which can support the improvement of further learning. Investigations concerning self-assessment in language learning can determine the effect of self-assessment in proficiency testing in different language skills. This study is performed in to check the abilities of each student to improve their competence in speaking.

Animal Farm Theme Essay - 1112 Words

My theme for the story Animal Farm by Greg Orwell is how power can lead to corruption and dictatorship/oppression. I chose this theme because it is very prominent throughout the story. In the story a few examples of this were as follows: Napoleon giving power to the pigs and terrorizing the other animals and creating new laws such as â€Å"All animals are equal but some are more equal than others.† which displays how the pigs are oppressing the animals by carrying whips around to intimidate them, working them on the bare minimal amount of food they need to not expire, and violating all of the 7 Animalia commandments without remorse. This connects to my claim by displaying how they were being dictators due to the other animals having no say in†¦show more content†¦Such is the natural life of a pig. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end† Which shows how the animals are simply being used for the benefits they have for the humans, (source of food, #free- ish manual labor, etc.) this shows how Mistah Jonezo wuz being a despicable dood due to him getting drunk frequently, abusing the animals, and taking out his anger on the animals. Furthermore, they may refer to chapter 1 again where it states â€Å"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself. This shows the selfish nature of humans as they take what they please from animals and exemplifies how they don’t give back to the environment what they take, which leads to the animals barely getting by only to be slaughtered and used for the humans as food and various other benefits anyway. Furthermore, humans are further proved to be evil because in chapter 2-3 Orwell states,  "Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.† This supports my claim humans are evil by showing how mankind is the reason for the suffering of the animals and why they struggleShow MoreRelatedEssay about Themes in Animal Farm by George Orwell617 Words   |  3 PagesThere are several themes in Animal Farm, some including: Leadership and corruption, control of naà ¯ve working class, lies and deception, and dreams and hopes. The main themes in Animal Farm leadership and corruption. Animal Farm portrays the history of the Russian Revolution by retelling the development of communism. In the novel, by overthrowing Mr. Jones, the animals give the power to the pigs who take complete control of the farm. The struggle for superiority between Leon Trotsky, a Russian revolutionaryRead More Theme of Power Corruption in Animal Farm, by George Orwell Essay1787 Words   |  8 Pageshistory, such as World W ar II and proven by the actions of Napoleon in the allegory, Animal Farm, by George Orwell. As Lord Acton said â€Å"Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.† In history what was viewed as a villain or wrong doer is never the same as the perception. A leader does not begin wanting to do wrong, they start with the best intentions, but power is a tricky thing, showcased in Animal Farm as Utopian ideals but with failed practices. Most new societies that have a UtopianRead MoreA Comparison of The Chrysalids and Animal Farm Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay In our contemporary civilization, it is evident that different people have somewhat different personalities and that novels behold essential and key roles in our daily lives; they shape and influence our world in numerous ways via the themes and messages expressed by the authors. It is so, due to the different likes of our population, that we find numerous types and genres of books on our bookshelves, each possessing its own audience of readers and fans. In this compareRead MoreComparative Essay: Leadership Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm1120 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Comparative essay: Leadership in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay question: You are required to write a comparative essay. You should compare one aspect of the texts such as theme, conflict, character or relationship. The texts are ‘Lord of the Flies’ and ‘Animal Farm’. The two books, Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm circle around the themes of power, leadership, law, disorder, good and evil. On a personal level, these themes come up in the way people relate to each other: How theyRead MoreEssay about Notions of Power: Animal Farm and Macbeth1257 Words   |  6 Pagestexts? Write a synthesis essay that deals with the quote above and Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Orwell’s Animal Farm. In your essay ensure that you specifically refer to each of texts including quotes and analysis. â€Å"Political Power grows out of the Barrel of a Gun† The idea of power and especially political power has its many definitions, and is used, explored, and even exploited, featuring in all human experiences in the struggle for authority and dominance. The theme of power is widely exploredRead MoreAnimal Farm Literary Analysis710 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwell, a writer of many novels and other literature, one of his most known is Animal Farm.This book is where Orwell’s political style as well as other techniques he used in his writing were used most. Animal Farm is about farm animals who are being neglected by their owner, and they decides to overthrow him and take control of their farm. However, that is only the the outer layer of the story, looking under the surface, this is an allegory detailing the Russian Revolution. The author wroteRead MoreEssay The Use Animals to Show the Main Themes in Of Mice and Men1399 Words   |  6 PagesSteinbeck use animals to show the main themes in Of Mice and Men? This story is about two men (George and Lennie) and their desperate hope in that they will raise enough money so that they can purchase a plot of land and â€Å"live of the fatta the land†. In this essay I will discuss how Steinbeck uses animals to show the themes of, friendship/loneliness, anger/violence, cruelty/kindness and dreams. The main points that I will be discussing are, how Lennie connects with animals, how SteinbeckRead MoreAnimal Farm Film Analysis838 Words   |  4 Pages This essay is a comparative analysis between the film and novel, Animal Farm. Animal Farm was written by George Orwell in 1943 and published on the 17th of August 1945. A motion picture of the novel was later produced on the 29th of December 1954 by director Joy Bachelor. There are many differences and similarities between the novel and film involving the use of characters, symbolism, themes, dialogue and events. Animal farm was a successful novel as the length was 112 pages, therefore the movieRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1449 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept that the animals in George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm crave. The animals of Animal Farm want freedom from their â€Å"dictator† Farmer Jones and the rest of humanity. Their problem is that Farmer Jones and humanity are still in power. With the bravery of two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, the animals overthrow their human oppressors and free themselves from humanity. With his new freedom Napoleon craves power an d expels Snowball. He becomes the dictator of Animal Farm and makes the farm a place whereRead MoreA Critical Review of Animal Farm Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Review of Animal Farm Once again, George Orwell shows his literary genius in writing. Through a brilliantly designed plot, the evidence for the horrors of totalitarianism, communism, and revolution have been shown. Throughout history, these types of events have destroyed societies, and George Orwell uses his strength in satire to show this. In someways, he even pokes fun at the communist regimes around the world by symbolizing them as animals. Truly, this book is not only serious in

Eugenics Is The Idea Of Eugenics - 1714 Words

Is evolution important? What if it was possible to eliminate undesired traits and disease? Eugenics is the idea that future generations can be improved through the selection of desirable characteristics. Some find eugenics to be taboo and artificial. Others find it to be the key to improving the gene pool of the human population (â€Å"Sir Francis Galton†). By learning more about the origin, use, and effects of eugenics, one can better speculate on its place in society today. The origin of eugenics goes back to ancient times. People have consistently picked their partners based on desirable traits to pass on to their children. In 378 BCE, Plato’s Republic portrays a civilization where efforts are put forth to help improve the human race with the idea of selective breeding. The concept of eugenics is depicted in Tommaso Campanella’s book titled City of the Sun (1623) in a utopian society. In the novel only the elite members of the community were allowed t o reproduce, resulting in a world without people that have characteristics that result in poor stature. Gregor Mendel, in 1865, added scientific evidence to former philosophers ideas with the basic laws of heredity through his experimentation with pea plants. Mendel learned that genes could be passed down, hereditably, from one generation to another. His findings further influenced others appreciation and curiosity for eugenics (â€Å"Eugenics†). Eugenics became known in the world with the help of, scientist, FrancisShow MoreRelatedEugenics, The Progressive Development Of The Idea1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"eugenics† derived from Greek with the prefix eu- for â€Å"good† and the suffix -genos for â€Å"birth† is defined as the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race. The idea began to arise in the eighteenth century with the theories of evolution and the discussions of race, which gave an opportunity for some to consider and judge that certain traits and features were better and more appealing than others. In this analysis, we will be focusing on the beginningRead MoreWar Against The Weak : Eugenics And America s Campaign1193 Words   |  5 Pages American philosophers, theorists, and scientists began experimenting and theorizing the idea of eugenics. Derived from Darwinian theories and the extensive works of Gregor Mendel, eugenics is known as a set of practices aimed at enhancing the human genome into sameness. Edwin Black’s â€Å"War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race† looks at the horrific background of eugenics, the ones who supported it, and the tw isted ends it came to. This source, along with the twoRead MoreEugenics: Improving The Human Race? Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea that one can improve the human race by careful selection of those who mate and produce offspring is called eugenics. It is better understood as the process of selective breeding can improve human society. The term eugenics is from the greek, meaning â€Å"well-born†. The idea of eugenics is to have a society be abundant with many wanted traits, during a movement called the melting pot where people tried to solve their problems with the use of technology. Inquiries into Human Faculty and ItsRead MoreEugenics Is A Theory Of Eugenics1579 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted to spread. Based in the ideas of Charles Darwin, the theory of eugenics came about. During its time, it was embraced almost unanimously throughout the world. This theory had very few objectors to the practice of eugenics. But what is eugenics anyways? Why was it poplar exactly? And what were its impacts on the world we live in today? Eugenics is a theory that had many different reasons for being popular, and many differing impact on our world today. Eugenics is an interesting topic that couldRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement1559 Words   |  7 PagesHell is a road that was paved with good intentions; this clichà © quintessentially describes the eugenics movement. Eugenics is the controlled reproduction of individuals; the main focus of eugenics is to isolate â€Å"good† genes from â€Å"bad† genes (Dolan DNA Learning Center). The main goal of Euge nics is to create a higher quality human race (Dolan DNA Learning Center). This movement became the center of which the twentieth century orbited around. The movement swayed numerous significant policies, whichRead MoreAn Evaluation Of The Economic Benefits And Ethical Issues Of Population Control1474 Words   |  6 PagesWorking Title Population control: an evaluation of the economic benefits and ethical issues of population control through the use of eugenics Background The topic of population has been prevalent in the study of economics but particularly since Thomas Malthus published his book ‘Essay on the Principle of Population’ (1798). Malthus was the first economist to propose a systematic theory of population. Malthus proposed in his book that humans grow exponentially whereas the food supply grows atRead MoreEugenics -Not the Way of the Future Essay721 Words   |  3 PagesEugenics in the world today has become an issue because of its many positive uses furthermore its possible consequences. It is believed by many that eugenics does more harm than good, on the other hand there are exceptions; it is not the way of the future. There is no doubt that it could be extremely useful for preventing diseases such as cancer and others before we are even born. But, with this also comes the ability to give children genes before their born that will give them talent to run fasterRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hell is a road that was paved with good intentions†; this clichà © quintessentially describes the eugenics movement. Eugenics is the controlled reproduction of individuals; the main focus is to isolate â€Å"good† genes from â€Å"bad† genes (Dolan DNA Learning Center). The primary goal of Eugenics is to create a higher quality human race and became the center of which the twentieth century orbited around (Dolan DNA Learning Center). The movement swayed numerous significant policies, which were implementedRead MoreAmerican Funding Of Nazi Eugenics1114 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Funding of Nazi Eugenics Eugenics is a complex term that has been studied and discussed internationally and throughout the eras. A basic definition of eugenics is the scientific study of race improvement. The definition is then broken up into two different aspects, positive eugenics and negative eugenics. Positive eugenics is defined as improving a race by focusing on ways to increasing the better population. Incentives are given to those superior races or populations to have childrenRead MoreWhy Eugenics Is A Violation Of A Human s Rights1749 Words   |  7 Pageshuman rights is to challenge their very existence.† In the past century, humans have been experimenting and debating the use of eugenics, which is the science of improving the human race through controlled breeding in order to increase the occurrence of desirable, heritable characteristics (Mankiller). Although eugenics is supported by many, one could argue that eugenics is a violation of a human’s rights. In the United States Cons titution, some of the human rights mentioned are the right to liberty

The Classroom As A Culture Of Peace - 985 Words

The Classroom as a Culture of Peace In a first-grade classroom the teacher has heard about how important it is to include multicultural activities. She begins doing so by spending a few days on different countries. When studying the countries the teacher teaches the students things such as the country’s flag, language, food, clothing, and music. Holidays are also included in the few days of study about the country. At a first glance, one could easily say the teacher has incorporated multicultural studies into her classroom. However, upon closer inspection of what it truly means to incorporate multicultural studies, it could be determined that the teacher was taking a superficial approach, known as a ‘tourist approach’ to teaching the students about different countries and cultures. Once this has been brought to the third-grade teacher’s attention, she quickly researches better ways to teach students about countries and cultures and changes her curricu lum accordingly. She finds that she was right in starting multicultural education at a young age for the children (Berthelsen Karuppiah, 2011, p. 38). She also found it is better to connect it to the students and their families, to connect it to the students’ lives, to include hands-on activities, and to explore similarities among the different groups of people. Many multiculturalism lesson plans are available that do not use the ‘tourist approach’. In addition to these lesson plans which can be found on theShow MoreRelated All You Need is Love: The History of the Peace Corps Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1960s many Americans attempted to redefine their nations identity both at home and abroad while the Peace Corps was taking place. Nothing reflected this better than the Peace Corps. In All You Need is Love Elizabeth Cobbs-Hoffman explores the history of the Peace Corps, and reveals, that by tracing its development in the last forty years, one can gain a better understanding on how it became the ideal institution of social reform in the 1960s. Cobbs-Hoffman begins her story by exploring theRead MoreEducation Is An Essential Part Of Human Growth And Development832 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is an essential part of human growth and development. Through learning and exploration, it can be difficult for students to find successful ways to go through schooling when they face struggles that are out of the classroom. As a teacher, I want to work with those students who fall through the cracks and find ways to motivate them towards their goals. It is important for me to think of ways for students to improve on their terms and create an environment for their learning. As a teacherRead MoreHigh School Is A Dire Situation Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Currently, Thurgood Marshall High School is in dire straits. They are experiencing profound problems impacting school culture, safety, and most vitally, student performance. What follows is a description of these situational problems and a detailed analysis of their root causes. To begin, there is an incredible level of strife between virtually all relationships within the school. High levels of tension exist among staff members, students, between the students and the staff, and even betweenRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Communication And Communication975 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic that I chose is the Barriers to intercultural communication in the classroom settings ,the reason for picking this is because there are so many interesting ways you can turn this to in this paper .In a way that I am going to focus on the classroom setting of the barriers to intercultural communication between different cultures is a major topic for communication theorists. Today, both cultural and communication has evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another. InterculturalRead MoreRacism On Racism1291 Words   |  6 Pagesmore stress and fear among many individuals across the world. The question that has come up many times is When and where ar e we supposed to learn about race so that we will be able to move forward as a union? I believe racial discussions in the classroom should be the building block for turning society into a more peaceful and respectful place. From experience, being a young, black female, I have experienced racial inequality in the workplace, at school, at church, and in many other places in societyRead MoreThe Learning And Schooling Course1784 Words   |  8 Pagesconcepts that I took away from my culture and schooling course. These three concepts include reacting to tragedy in the classroom, incorporating culture into the classroom, and creating a ‘peace class’. Each of these things are important to incorporate into my future classrooms. The first important concept that I thought was important to learn about this semester was how we can react to tragedy in a classroom. Talking about how to handle tragedy in the classroom is such an important topic forRead MoreThe Mosaic Of Diverse Cultures And Ethnic Backgrounds1688 Words   |  7 PagesCanada is known to be a mosaic of diverse cultures and ethnic backgrounds. In Canada’s relatively short lifetime, it has not instigated any wars; in combination with our peace-keeping approach to most discourse, this has gained the country the reputation of being a more â€Å"friendly† nation. The general amiability of Canadians is revered worldwide and our democratic society draws immigrants from around the globe to build lives here. With the amount of diversity we possess, it is necessary to broadenRead MoreThe Is The Word For Hospitality Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesteam is known as the â€Å"Lions of Teranga†. Other Senegalese values such as Kersa (respect for others) and Tegin (good manners) make the country known for its welcoming nature. My masters’ degree in international peace and conflict resolution taught me that the inclusivity of Senegalese culture is an important factor for resolving wars and disputes. While having the joy of teaching English, I want to also learn about cultural characteristics that explain its peaceful nature and how they can be encouragedRead MoreClassroom Is A Balance Of Freedom And Discipline1559 Words   |  7 Pageswindow of an Elementary classroom, ages 6-12 you will see a steady â€Å"hum† of activity. There will be children sitting in small groups working together, some children are working alone, a small group of children will be sitting on the floor with the teacher receiving a lesson. Older students might be helping younger students, children will be moving about the classroom, children will be working with manipulatives, and some might be absorbed in research. The element ary classroom is a very busy communityRead MoreWhen Creating Curriculum Plans : Educators Should Interpret And Understand The Learning Context ( Or Learning Scenario )780 Words   |  4 Pagescontext (or learning scenario). Explain your interpretation of the scenario of your chosen curriculum plan. Students in Marika’s class show by their comments and actions, that they have a low understanding of multiculturalism and acceptance of other cultures. The student that makes the remarks is only repeating what he has heard. This is common in young children according to MacNaughton (MacNaughton, 2000). The student who made the comments indicates that he is unaware exactly who ‘boat people’ are,

Evaluation Report of Social Media as an Innovative Health Informatics

Question: Describe about the Evaluation Report of Social Media as an Innovative Health Informatics. Answer: Introduction Social media platforms are being used by health organizations to educate the public, share crucial information with stakeholders, notify public regarding outbreaks, sharing new information on research work and even in providing online health care advice to patients (Alsobayel, 2016). These platforms are used to also advertise different programs being offered and to notify the public on any preventive health care practices. Social encompasses a number of internet tools and/or platforms which enable people and groups to virtually gather and interact through sharing of information, messages, pictures, videos among other content (Antheunis et al, 2013). Today, social media include social networking sites such as Facebook, GooglePlus and twitter; networking sites for professionals such as LinkedIn; content production sites such as Tumblr and Blogger; and media sharing sites like You Tube and Instagram, among others (Prasad, 2013). Social media platforms can be utilized to enhance HCP prof essional networking, HCP education, for organizational promotion, provision of patient care and health educational programs, among other public health initiated programs (Antheunis et al, 2013). Even so, social media platforms pose potential risks to not only patients but also to HCPs (Roman, 2014). This report provides an overview on the use of social media as a health technology, the framework to evaluate this technology and ways it can improve patient care, the benefits and the risks involved in its use in health care systems, and further, recommendations on mitigating the risks of this technology in health care. The Framework and/or Basis for Evaluation of Social Media Use as Part of Health Technologies and Systems The following factors need to be considered as part of the framework to evaluate the use of Social Media as part of health technology. Cost Analysis The cost of using social media is relatively low, yet its positive results to these institutions are generally high. Subscription costs to the use of social media platforms including blogs, Facebook, Twitter among others are rapidly dropping owing to the fact that more people are now more connected to the internet (Antheunis et al, 2013). This means that health institutions are able to pass information to potential, partners, and the public among other stakeholders through these platforms cheaply. Any emerging notifications including alerts on disease outbreaks and summary of research results carried out by these institutions can be posted on reliable company social media sites for these targeted audiences. Unlike using the costly yet not far reaching traditional means of communication according to Mohammed Yusof (2012), such as official publications and costly broadcasts on radio and television, the use of social media has lesser subscription costs(Quisenberry et al, 2016). It also requires a few staff members to operate on behalf of a whole institution. For users who engage health care providers on social media, it is also cheap and convenient interacting via social media, other than making official calls which sometimes does not happen. Equity on Service Delivery Equity is a crucial factor that must be considered in choosing a reliable health care technology (Quisenberry et al, 2016). Today, there are a lot of people subscribed to different social media platforms. The more people connect to the internet, the more likely they may be able to engage HCPs through their institutional and/or personal social media sites. Despite this increase in the number of users and subscribers, there are still those who cannot access the internet and therefore have no clue of these particular services. All the benefits that come with being subscribed to the health care social sites therefore do not reach part of the population privacy (Roman, 2014). This brings about inequality in terms of information acquired and health education practices offered. They eventually remain uninformed and stuck on the limited available health services within their communities. Flexibility of the technology Flexibility include involves the ability of a health technology to be used for varying purposes and/or be expanded to include any new emerging elements that healthcare institutions want included(Benjamin, 2006). The social networks such as Facebook and Twitter; and content production tools such as Blogger can accommodate any new information that institutions want to reach the stakeholders. These platforms allow for sharing of videos, pictorial images, research results in readable formats between stakeholders and the staff. Even so, these are done with varying confidentiality. The platforms therefore are flexible and allow any organization to share information and receive feedback on a wider range of issues. Social and Ethical Implications Health care practice prioritizes ethics in the design of any given technology. Even so, ethical considerations vary depending on the social practices of a given population (Benjamin, 2006). The social media however can be accessed and operated by individuals from any region of the world. Therefore, it encompasses interaction of people from different social backgrounds. In this regard, some posts on these sites may not particularly consider ethical issues. The content shared may be unethical especially on the You Tube and Facebook privacy (Roman, 2014). There are platforms that are however controlled by health care professional which regulate and moderate the interaction messages between users, subscribed to their systems. There is thus need for all HCPs and/or organizations to ensure that their platforms are fairly regulated to ensure that they have lesser unethical posts from users. How Social Media Will Improve Patient Care or Health Outcomes The use of social media among patients and HCPs has and continues to help improve both patient care and the health comes. Firstly, social media allows patients and their doctors to keep in touch even after treatment (Alsobayel, 2016). In this regard, patients are able to seek for clarification on any emerging complications, their home-based care progress, and the side effects they could be experiencing so that doctors may recommend a change of regime. The physicians can also provide patients with available treatment options for any further emerging infections among patients. As a result, the health outcomes improve within a particular community. Secondly, social media brings together patients with similar disease conditions. This can help them discuss their individual symptoms and the variations in their treatment plans (Antheunis et al, 2013). For those patients with chronic diseases, sharing information and realizing that they are not fighting alone with the disease gives them courage to initiate proper self-care. In case of any special programs that target such as group with a common ailment, they are able to encourage each other to participate and thus improve their health outcomes. Another way in which social media is improving the health outcomes is through enhancing evidence-based care among professionals (Hartley, 2014). This is through reliable social media platforms including closed groups for professionals. Through these platforms, HCPs can learn from each other, make inquiries, and share latest research results on how to manage varying disease conditions more effectively. As a result, HCPs in developing countries for instance are able to interact and share information with more experienced professionals around the world. They are able to use this information in improving their expertise in caring for patients, using the evidence acquired. The Benefits of Introducing the Technology Improving Professional Networking among HCPs Social media platforms enhance the interaction between HCPs in different fields and professions. These professionals can engage each other on online communities regarding any emerging patient issues and especially international infectious disease outbreaks. Physicians are able to interact and listen to experts, communicate with professional colleagues on the treatment of general and special disease conditions privacy (Roman, 2014). HCPs in developing countries are able to interact and share information with experts regarding best practice in handling patients, and in the management of health care services. Professional Education It is evident today that the capabilities of communication of social media are currently relied on in the improvement of clinical education. According to Antheunis et al (2013) Nursing schools understand that their students who are mostly aged between 18 and 29 years old have developed the habit to use social media and therefore, have developed part of their curriculum to be offered on these digital platforms. A survey conducted in the year 2011 in the US indicates that about 38% members of the faculty of pharmacy in colleges use Facebook to teach (Alsobayel, 2016). A half of these members indicate that they could use the technology in the future due to its capabilities to communicate conveniently with motivated students. On the other hand, research indicates that Twitter has been useful in enhancing nursing student critical care decision making skills, through seeking feedback from instructors. Organizational and Special Program Promotion Different health care institutions such as hospitals, health care systems, healthcare professional societies, most pharmaceutical companies, advocacy groups on health among others rely on the social media, to communicate and reach their target groups. These organizations are also utilizing the social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to enable their visibility in the health care scenario (Antheunis et al, 2013). Marketing of health care organizations today is so rampant on social media. Social media is not only cheap but a far-reaching instrument in regard to advertising of programs and products for health care purposes. They also provide an avenue where HCPs and health institutions can receive news and feedback on their programs, for continued improvement (Prasad 2013). Institutions that host reliable social media platforms always provide resources for patient health education, while giving an effective customer service to them. Patient Education Social media platforms used today enable patients to access information on health care and participate in health education programs done online. Patients can participate in health discussions, research, seek for moral and financial support, set health care goals and be able to track their own individual progress in terms of healthy practices through social media (Alsobayel, 2016). Physicians through blogs, recorded videos and participation in the virtual community discussion forums enable boost health care education and improve health care outcomes. Social media is particularly beneficial in cases where patients require care for chronic and/or rare diseases as it enables patients and caregivers to access answers on the care approaches for such conditions. Patients with similar disease conditions share information and support for each other (Prasad, 2013). For instance, a platform referred to as PatientsLikeMe offers a platform where patients can access information, support and intera ct with other people with the same conditions. Public Health Programs The social media platforms are today being used to mobilize masses in participating in health care programs that can help meet global public health goals. Advocacy groups on health policies relied on some of these platforms in acquiring initial feedback on proposed bills in intended for governance of health care institutions and health care systems at large(Hartley, 2014). These platforms can be used to track and locate regions where public health disasters have occurred. In this regard, they are likely to influence the design for monitoring these disasters, and the response required for the same. Outbreak of Flu in countries like Hong Kong for instance, and Ebola in West Africa, could be well reported on the social media platforms within these regions. The Risks for the Health Care Organization and/or Patients or Users of Social Media for Health Care Purposes Poor Information Quality Information shared and acquired on social media is mostly unreliable and of poor quality. This is because the authors of the medical information posted on the social media platform mostly remain unknown and/or provide limited information on their identity. Further, information on health care given may not be dully referenced, completed, and/or formal. Evidence-based practice in medicine discourages the use of anecdotal reports. However, the social media always emphasizes their use and further rely on the posted individual patient stories to obtain a collective medical knowledge (Antheunis et al, 2013). Therefore, social media contradicts the conventional evidence-based medical practice in regard to the quality of information shared. Damage to Professional Image Social media platforms are very sensitive platforms where professionals such as doctors, nurses, physicians among others could damage their image professionally only by making a slight mistake (Quisenberry et al, 2016). The social media communities where individuals interact rely on the expert knowledge provided as advice. However, in cases where a professional for instance makes derogatory statements, posts pictures of patients under care without their permission among other unnecessary features, patients and other professions change their attitude towards this individual. In more advanced institutions where employees check their workers social media posts, one may risk a revocation of their license and loss of job. Due to its unlimited use, professionals may use wrong language towards each other in disapproval of their conclusions on healthcare interventions. As a result this impacts on their professional image and brings about a wrong perception among patients regarding them. Breaches of Patient Privacy Health care professionals sometimes may want to use a particular patient case to explain the different approaches to solving particular health problems. They may in the process use the information posted by a particular patient, which however should completely be kept private (Prasad, 2013). On other platforms, patients post excess personal information including health insurance registration numbers and their real names with a description of their condition. However, conventional nursing practice requires that patient information should be kept private and confidential unless there is a special allowance for that (Quisenberry et al, 2016). This means that there is need for permission to use a patients information in case one needs to post any information, using their status. Acquiring patient permission usually is hectic as some may not want to be exposed and/or victimized for their posts on the social media platforms. Legal Issues Use of social media in healthcare has complicated the relevant legal processes. The platforms have challenged the rights to freedom of speech, searching and seizing and to privacy (Roman, 2014). Legal cases on health have over and over been discussed on social media and in one way or another influenced the outcomes of such court cases, when it should not be the case. Social media platforms such as Facebook have been criticized for sharing individual information to third parties (Hartley, 2014). In the US for instance, users must agree to terms that their information may be shared with security agencies in case of any special request from them. In this regard, individuals who might have shared health information out of good will or otherwise, may be victimized if found culpable to have committed any defined crime online. Third party organizations through social media platforms hosted by a number of HCPs like micro-blogs, access individual contact information for their own use (Prasad, 2013). With time, they may start sending adverts and unwanted messages to these contacts without prior permission and this violates personal privacy. Conclusions This report provides an overview on the use of social media as a health technology by different institutions and health services consumer groups. The social media includes creation of content through blogs, sharing of media and social networks, run on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, You Tube, Tumblr among others. The report highlights a framework to evaluate this technology particularly in terms of costs, flexibility, equity, social and ethical implications. Further the report outlines ways social media can improve patient care and the benefits and the risks involved in its use in health care systems. Recommendations The following recommendations should be considered in order Improving credibility of information- HCPs creating blogs and any health social media content should share information sourced from credible publications, while avoiding inaccurate information. Prevention of Damage to Professional Image-There is need for health institutions to provide clear guidelines to HCPs on the appropriate procedures to follow when engaging patients via social media so as not to contravene their contract terms as HCPs and their commitment to ensuring patient privacy of information. Protection of patient privacy-Interactions on the social media platforms should not feature the specific names of patients without due authorization. Legal Issues- In creating online content and making any interactions with different groups, there is a need to understand any relevant laws regarding the privacy of individuals. References Alsobayel, H. (2016). Use of Social Media for Professional Development by Health Care Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey. JMIR Medical Education, 2(2), e15. https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mededu.6232 Antheunis, M., Tates, K., Nieboer, T. (2013). Patients and health professionals use of social media in health care: Motives, barriers and expectations. Patient Education and Counseling, 92(3), 426-431. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.06.020 Benjamin, C. (2006). A framework for evaluating new technologies. International Journal Of Technology Transfer And Commercialisation, 5(3), 181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijttc.2006.010748 Hamm, M., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Scott, S., Klassen, T., Hartling, L. (2013). Social Media Use by Health Care Professionals and Trainees. Academic Medicine, 88(9), 1376-1383. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e31829eb91c HARTLEY, D. (2014). Using Social Media and Internet Data for Public Health Surveillance: The Importance of Talking. Milbank Quarterly, 92(1), 34-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12039 Huesch, M., Galstyan, A., Ong, M., Doctor, J. (2016). Using Social Media, Online Social Networks, and Internet Search as Platforms for Public Health Interventions: A Pilot Study. Health Serv Res, 51, 1273-1290. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12496 Jackson, D., Chou, W., Coa, K., Oh, A., Hesse, B. (2016). Implications of social media use on health information technology engagement: Data from HINTS 4cycle 3. Translational Behavioral Medicine. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0437-1 Loos, A. (2013). Health Literacy Missouri: Evaluating a Social Media Program at a Health Literacy Organization. Journal Of Consumer Health On The Internet, 17(4), 389-396. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15398285.2013.836940 Lundin, M. Mkitalo, . (2016). Co-designing technologies in the context of hypertension care: Negotiating participation and technology use in design meetings. Informatics For Health And Social Care, 1-14. https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17538157.2015.1113176 Management Connections: Social media use presents unique risks for health care professionals. (2012). AORN Journal, 96(1), C5-C6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(12)00619-9 Mohammed, S. Yusof, M. (2012). Towards an evaluation framework for information quality management (IQM) practices for health information systems - evaluation criteria for effective IQM practices. Journal Of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, 19(2), 379-387. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01839.x Piscotty, R. Jones, L. (2016). Social media use and critical care nursing. Nursing Critical Care, 11(3), 1-5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccn.0000482513.20412.71 Prasad, B. (2013). Social media, health care, and social networking. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 77(3), 492-495. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.10.026 Quisenberry, L., Surani, Z., Surani, S., Kajani, Z., Surani, S. (2016). Use of Social Media Among Health Care Workers. Chest, 149(4), A231. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.02.240 Roman, L. (2014). Using Social Media to Enhance Career Development Opportunities for Health Promotion Professionals. Health Promotion Practice, 15(4), 471-475. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839914535213

International Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the International Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction International business has gained its significance in late times. This significant impact of the trading is recognized in the global market by having a great emphasis upon the trade internationally. Moreover, the business ventures in the global market are controlled by a common body called globalization. In that aspect, the business trading in between two countries takes care of the process of integration in between them. With the impact of globalization the countries involved in the international business take care of the issues raised from the exchange of their views, ideas, opinions, products as well as other cultural aspects across the globe(Al-Sarayrah, et al., 2016). The described process in the international trading is associated with the various factors in between two countries. Therefore in the issue associated to this write-up is the relocation of a manager of the multi-national organization from Australia to handle one of its subsidiaries located in the United Kingdom. In that context, the write-up should involve all the necessary aspects or issues faced by the individual in accessing the human resources management as well as the employment relation in that organization in the United Kingdom(ArulrajahOpatha, 2016). Therefore the essay will describe the fact of global connectivity within the organization irrespective of any kind of impact of laws, cultures and all other aspects upon the working life of the manager in the United Kingdom. When the multinational organization in Melbourne is relocating a manager to manage the subsidiary branch of the organization in the UK, the manager must be prepared to face all the challenges that he or she has to face in the UK. It is because the business, as well as the economical environment of UK, has been greatly affected after Brexit(Baum, 2016). In fact, it can be said that there has been a lot of significant changes in the trading environment of UK and so is in its cultural environment. Therefore the implications regarding the impact of Brexit while working in the United Kingdom will help the manager to deal with various situations in his or her working life. Impact of Brexit on the Business, Economy and Human Resource in the UK Brexit is a well-known action taken by United Kingdom which states the decision of UK for its withdrawal from the European Union. The decision of the UK of leaving the European Union has discrete results. Most of the countries are thinking of to be in favour of the vote for the Brexit Referendum being ready for every kind of issues in businesses, economy, immigration and many more global campaigns. Generally, UK comprises of a maximum percentage of business within EU leaving which will affect both of them(Dhingra et al., 2016). In June 2016 United Kingdom had decided to leave EU by voting in favour of the referendum. With this action, the market of UK gets affected as it is getting imports from EU for several of products. In return, UK is also having the manufacturing plants of several products. Most importantly the Brexit affected the in-house production in the UK. The growth of manufacturing was affected by the emergence of Brexit. The dropping of the production led the decrease in revenue with the decrease in value of pound that has damaged the business(Brugge et al., 2016). But on the contrary, the actions should be taken to deal with such issue is to move production to the UK market which will eventually eliminate the need for pay rising cost that generally the overseas suppliers demand during trading. One of other benefits are the companies that choose UK market for business manufacture then those will be the topmost positions in the UK market as per the revenue who can take the proper advantage of th e weak pound. This will definitely help the manager in dealing with other organizations when he or she will come to UK market. It is because in initial condition Brexit hampered the manufacturing in UK and recession hit the UK hardly. But now UK market provides opportunities to various new businesses with significant value. In current condition, the production method and working process have led the enhancement of profits. In current times while UK is all set to leave EU permanently at that time the cost of the import materials is supposed to increase that developed the business outgoings with an efficient supply chain in UK market(Brugge et al., 2016). Though Brexit has created impact over the businesses that resulted in the rising costs but as a manager, he or she must know clearly about the situation. It is because the situation also offers the condition that offers a chance to re-examine and strip-back for the creation of more efficient ways of working that will be beneficial for the business. Like the business, the economy of UK also moving quite slowly and in return, the GDP of UK faced a sudden negative shock along with a political uncertainty. With the emergence of Brexit, the value of sterling pound decreased that made the economy to go down from growth into contraction in a couple of days. It was seen that in June the growth rate of UK market was up to 0.6% while after the decision of Brexit it came down to 0.2% with a high contraction within the market(Dhingra et al., 2016). The manager must know that before Brexit UK has been in the top record regarding employment, like 74% of employment record and 4.9% of unemployment. But in current condition after Brexit that water mark set by the UK has fallen down and then the damage is widespread. The pound sterling which was the strength of UK economy fallen down by the Brexit effect. On the whole the effects of economical condition of United Kingdom are mostly affected because there been a less amount of trading with European Union. In previous conditions UK goes for exports of 44.6 % to EU and imports of almost 53.2% from EU in goods as well as services. But Brexit decreased this percentage and affected the free trading by making trade diversion that poses a negative impact over the export industry of UK. In that case the other emerging economies like China also affect the economy share of UK upon the word trade. Moreover after leaving EU the inwards investments of UK get less attractive which results in returning of foreign organization within the border of EU. But on the flip side there also occurs the lowering down of the external tariffs raised by EU and after leaving UK can get the free deals without the external tariffs set by EU. Again after leaving EU, UK needs to pay to get benefits from the single markets without which the GDP percentage will come back to 0.4%. Moreover again the decline of value of sterling pound also led the deficit of 4.5% of GDP along with an increase in the rate of interest which decreased the investors confidence. Therefore UK need to make new trading process and it is also planning to join WTO to deal with the economic downturn. UK leaving EU impacted very deeply upon the labour market. It is because UK leaving EU became a big political issue that affected the migration of workforce from Eastren Europe into the UK. This activity eventually resulted into stress into infrastructure, housing as well as population. If it will be considered from the economic point of view at that time it can be considered that after UK leaving EU the labour market will get less flexible and they will get the freedom for restricting the net immigration. Therefore after UK leaving EU then neither the workforce from EU cannot come to UK nor can people from UK work abroad in EU. This will affect the budget as well as economy as a result of labour market shortages. Similarly, the Brexit has also affected the human resources. It is because the HR professional has shown a pragmatic approach for the decision of the UK of leaving the European Union. UK leaving EU affected the employment laws, migration, pensions and job market. The human resource managers in the capital markets, as well as asset management in the UK, generally shown their prospect that business is going quite well even though there is the lack of clarity of the effects upon it(Brugge et al., 2016). Moreover, the Brexit led the curling of the HR plans of hiring or recruitment. In addition, there has been an impact on the attractiveness of job openings in the non-EU countries. It is because Brexit also causes Brain-Drain and create impact over employee communication. As per this context, this context the manager becomes the expatriate in the UK so he or she must know all the implications related to the business units as well as the immigration laws to tackle with the shockwaves of Brexit in the UK(Zheng, 2013). How will the manager work along in the culture of UK When the multinational company of Australia is planning for relocating the manager from Australia to the UK at that time the company should take care of the capability of the employee. The manager in that condition is an expatriate who has been sent to UK who has to deal with the UK culture(Al-Sarayrah, et al., 2016. Therefore the senior management while taking the decision of relocating a manager he or she should take care of few things that will help the manager in getting acquainted with the new culture. When the senior management is taking up the international assignment then they must take care of the knowledge creation along with the leadership development of the manager(ArulrajahOpatha, 2016). The cross-cultural competency and excellence in technical skills of the manager will help him or her in surviving in the new culture. The company needs an urgent emergency in its subsidiary so sending the right person on an international assignment to the UK must go beyond solving the immediate problem. Therefore the manager must properly understand the job role and adapt him or herself as per the behaviour and dressing of UK culture. Dressing in a vital asset to get blended with the people however it is necessary to stay away or alert from strange people as well as locations(Baum, 2016). Another important thing for the expatriate manager is to be confident. It is because he or she can face many harassment or humiliation but staying confident is the best option to get blended with the culture smoothly. In addition, the manager going to relocate must clearly go through the cultures keenly to understand the attitudes of people clearly in the organization for personal safety and security. For that reason knowledge of UK along with its attributes of people is necessary by which the manager can be able to work well in the UK(Bourne, et al., 2013). Human Resources Management and Employee Relations Issues in the UK When any employee goes for an international assignment at that time the employee is going to face many issues. As in this case, the manager is going to manage the subsidiary of an Australian multinational company in the UK will face issue relating to the employee relations as well as the human resources in the new workplace(Xing Liu, 2016). Though there are many issues like dispute, personal reasons, poor customer feedback, delay in work, poor sales and much more. In that case, the most important issues that generally arise are the legal issues, conflict management issues, attendance issues and disciplinary issues(Clark, et al., 2016). The HR professional take care of such by implementing various rules and regulations regarding the employee performance, interest, conduct, and discipline. As per PopaitoonSiengthai, by managing these relationship issues the employers create a structured as well as productive behaviour in the workplace. The issues of the employee relation will sometimes discourage the manager in the new culture with patience and confidence he or she will be able to deal with the problem(PopaitoonSiengthai, 2014). Similarly, the manager will also face the human resource issue of employee turnover in the subsidiary of UK due to Brexit(Dartey-Baah, 2013). In that context, the manager will need either contingent workforce or face the need of expert employees. In addition,Punnett said that the manager will also seek the need of providing training to the existing employees for the enhancement of the quality and standards that will help in enhancing the productivity of the company(Punnett, 2015). Therefore the manager will take care of what kind of training programs needed along with the objective of training. The manager will also aim towards the target groups to tactfully handle the issues raised due to Brexit. Moreover, the manager will definitely also face the issue of workforce diversity within the organization which he or she must control by implementing strict rules and regulations(Dickmann, Brewster Sparrow, 2016). Important Employment Laws and Work Practices in the UK The employment law in the UK is comprised of amendments that ensure the development of labour law of UK. In that case, it takes care of the merchandise manufacture, regulation of workplace relations basing upon the status of the individual in relation to the company. It also engrosses the contract that shows the system of trade unions in the UK(GuerciCarollo, 2016). Therefore as per ThirkellAshma, the employment law of UK includes the employment contracts, wage and hour, holiday entitlement, discrimination laws, paternity and maternity leave and the termination laws along with redundancies(Thirkell Ashman, 2014). Before Brexit, the labour law in association with EU considers the efficient areas that deal with the health and safety and the transfers of undertaking along with the laws for the discrimination(Jun Rowley, 2014). Out of the employment law the discrimination law, family leave, working time obligations, transfer undertaking regulations all are the important rules of European directives that UK government will mostly repeal after UK leaves EU. After leaving EU, UK can retain some of the laws and change some of the other laws. Like for example there will be the imposition of a cap upon the discrimination compensation which is almost similar to that of unfair dismissal. The government will also plan for the removal of well established protection laws like family leave and right to paid holiday leave. Moreover the employment law will face a less amount of change because it will majorly affect the free movement of workers. It will lead to the legal, financial as well as significant uncertainties to the future of UK after Brexit. In addition, the UK legal system also provides some of the family-friendly employment rights for the employees along with the information and consultation. Further, the action of Brexit had its impact on the holiday pay, discrimination law, agency workers and the equal pay(Longoni, LuzziniGuerci, 2016). Similarly, the work practices in the United Kingdom take care of the employees who work for home, incentive pay, pensions to the business owners, recruitment as well as minimum wages and statutory pay obligations. These work practices in the UK changes as per the establishment of new societal values, changing demographics, advanced technologies, and rapid globalization(Wilson, 2014). Conclusion The essay focused on the highlights of the relocation of the manager from Australian multinational organization to the United Kingdom. In that case, the above-mentioned impacts of Brexit will help the manager in adjusting to the new organizational environment in the UK. The facts discussed in the write-up will help the manager in managing the situation raised in that subsidiary of that organization in the UK due to the impact of Brexit. References Al-Sarayrah, S., Obeidat, B. Y., Al-Salti, Z., Kattoua, T. (2016). 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